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eû `yi-`yivš— †_‡K GgbwK †`‡ki mxgvbv †cwi‡q we‡`k †_‡K gymwji AvMgb G gv‡Vi ghv©`v‡K evwo‡q Zz‡j‡Q| eû ch©UK GB Af‚Zc~e© gnvwgj‡bi w`b¶YwU †`Lvi Rb¨I Dcw¯'Z n‡"Qb| wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv kn‡ii c~e© cÖv‡š— g‡bvig cwi‡e‡k HwZnvwmK †kvjvwKqv C`Mvn gq`v‡bi Ae¯'vb| GB gv‡Vi `w¶Y cvk¦© w`‡q bimy›`v b`x c~e©-cwð‡g P‡j †M‡Q| eZ©gv‡b C`MvnwUi Pvwiw`K Aby"P cÖvPx‡i †Niv| GK Z‡_¨ Rvbv hvq, Gi g~j gv‡V 265 wU KvZvi nq| cÖwZ KvZv‡i bvgvRxi msL¨v nq 6 †_‡K 7 kZ| †mB wn‡me Abyhvqx bvgvRxi msL¨v `vuovq 1 jvL 85 nvRvi 5 kZ| C‡`i Rvgv‡Z gymwj gv‡V Dc‡P Pvicv‡ki Lvwj RvqMv Rwg †¶Z, emZ evwoi Avw½bv f‡i hvq| Rvbv †M‡Q, BwZnvm cÖwm× GB C`Mv‡ni Rwgi cwigvb 6.61 GKi| Gi cwðg mxgv‡iLv DËi `w¶‡b 335 dzU Ges c~e© mxgv‡iLv DËi `w¶‡b 341 dzU Ges DËi mxgv‡iLv c~e© cwð‡g 788 dzU I `w¶b mxgv‡iLv c~e© cwð‡g 941 dzU ˆ`N¨©| ¯'vbxq †Rjv cÖkvmK‡K mfvcwZ K‡i GKwU cwiPvjbv KwgwU gv‡Vi i¶Yv‡e¶‡b b¨¯—| cÖv_wgK chv©‡q Gi wg¤^i NiwU †hgb wQj Zv eZ©gv‡b ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges gv‡V cÖ‡e‡ki g~j mo‡K GKwU cÖavb †ZviY wbgv©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Gme Dbœqb Kv‡R AvwfRvZ¨ I gywÝqvbvi †Kv‡bv Qvc †bB|
wK‡kviM‡Äi GB HwZn¨evnx C`Mv‡ni m„wói BwZnvm m¤•‡K© A‡bK RbkÖ"wZ AvRI cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| Rvbv hvq, 1828 mv‡j GB gv‡Vi †MvovcËb nh| IB eQiB ¯'vbxq mv‡ne evwoi ˆmq` Avn¤§` (i.) Gi ZvjyK m¤•wˇZ ZviB BgvgwZ‡Z C‡`i cÖ_g RvgvZ AbywôZ nq| cieZx©‡Z ¯'vbxq nqeZbMi †`Iqvb cwiev‡ii Ab¨Zg †`Iqvb gvbœvb `v` Lv‡bi e`vb¨Zvq G gv‡Vi K‡jei e„w× cvq Ges Ges Gi cwiwa we¯—…wZ jvf K‡i| †`Iqvb gvbœvb `v` Lvb wQ‡jb exi Ckv Lvui Aat¯—b eskai|
G cÖwm× C`Mv‡ni gq`v‡bi bvgKi‡bi wel‡q RbkÖ"wZ n‡"Q, `xN©Kvj c~‡e© GKevi GB gv‡V C‡`i Rvgv‡Z gymwji msL¨v `vuwo‡qwQj 1 jvL 25 nvRvi A_v©r †mvqv jvL| GB †mvqv jvL †_‡KB †kvjvwKqvi bvgKib n‡q‡Q| Aci GKwU avibv n‡"Q, †gvNj Avg‡j GLv‡b ciMbvi ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi GKwU Awdm wQj| †mB Awd‡mi Aax‡b ciMbvi ivR‡¯^i cwigvb wQj †mvqv jvL UvKv| RbkÖ"wZ n‡"Q GUvI †kvjvwKqv bv‡gi Drm n‡Z cv‡i|
GLv‡b cÖ_g C‡`i Rvgv‡Zi ci MZ C`yj wdZi I C`yj AvRnvi RvgvZ wQj 177Zg RvgvZ| G eQi AbywôZ n‡e 178 Zg C`yj wdZ‡ii RvgvZ| ci ci 3 evi GB gv‡V bvgvR Av`vq Ki‡j GK nR¡ cvj‡bi mIqve nq G wek¦vm †_‡KI A‡b‡KB G gv‡V bvgvR Av`vq Ki‡Z Av‡mb| Z‡e G e¨vcv‡i wØgZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Av‡jg IvgvMY| G gv‡Vi wbqwgZ bvgvRx kwdKzj Bmjvg e‡jb, Avgvi evev G gv‡V bvgvR co‡Zb, `v`vI GLv‡bB bvgvR c‡o †M‡Qb, AvwgI bvgvR cowQ| GLv‡b bvgvR c‡o C‡`i cwic~Y© Avb›` I Z…wß cvIqv hvq|
GB HwZnvwmK gv‡V †K †K BgvgwZ K‡i‡Qb Gi mwVK BwZnvm ejv m¤¢e bq| Kvib Gi †Kv‡bv msiw¶Z ZvwjKv †bB| Z‡e GLv‡b ¯'vbxq nqeZbM‡ii evwm›`v (Rš§¯'vb eªvþYevwoqv) wewkó Av‡jg gvIjvbv gym‡jn DwÏb `xN©w`b BgvgwZ K‡i‡Qb| cieZx©‡Z cÖvq 30 eQi GLv‡b BgvgwZ K‡i‡Qb nqeZbMi Avjxqv gv`ªvmvi wcÖwÝcvj wewkó Bmjvgx wPš—vwe` nhiZ gvIjvbv Aveyj Lv‡qi †gvnv¤§` byi"jvn| MZ eQi BgvgwZ K‡ib Zvui my‡hvM¨ †Q‡j Aveyj Lv‡qi †gvnv¤§` mvBdzjvn| G gv‡Vi †gvZIqvjx wn‡m‡e eskvbyµ‡g `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb Ckv Luvi eskai nqeZbMi Rwg`vi cwievi|
C`yj wdZ‡ii mgq C`Mvn I Gi Avkcvk GK wfbœ cwi‡e‡ki m„wó nq| g~j kni †_‡K C`Mvn gvV ch©š— cÖvq GK wK‡jvwgUvi iv¯—vq gvby‡li Xj bv‡g| iv¯—vi `yÕcv‡k `vuwo‡q _v‡K wf¶zK I wewfbœ gmwR`-gv`ªvmvi †jvKRb Pvu`v Av`v‡qi Rb¨| †m mgq kn‡ii wewfbœ †nv‡U‡j evowZ †jv‡Ki Pvc c‡o Ges AvÍxq ¯^R‡bi evwo‡ZI †jv‡Ki wfo nq| C†`i RvgvZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i C`Mv‡ni cv‡k ‡gjv e‡m| G †gjvq mybœwZ jvwV, Zmwen, Uzwc, †invj, myigv, Rj‡PŠwK, wcuwomn wewfbœ Kv‡Vi †Ljbv I KzwUi wkíRvZ `ªe¨vw` BZ¨vw` cvIqv hvq| bvgvR †k‡l gymwjiv GLvb †_‡K wewfbœ wRwbm µq K‡i evwo †d‡ib|
Rvbv hvq, ZrKvjxb cvwK¯—vb Avgj I weªwUk kvmbvg‡j G gv‡V my`~i Avmvg I KzPwenvi †_‡K AmsL¨ ag©cÖvY gymwj C‡`i bvgvR co‡Z GLv‡b AvMgb Ki‡Zb| cweÎ C‡`i GB Rvgv‡Z GL‡bv †Rjvi cÖZ¨š— A‡ji AmsL¨ gymwji mv‡_ †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ A‡ji nvRv‡iv gymjgvb Ask MÖnb K‡ib| GLv‡b e„nËi gqgbwms‡ni †Rjv¸‡jv QvovI mybvgMÄ, nweMÄ, eªvþYevwoqv, wm‡jU, biwms`x, Ck¦i`xmn K‡qKwU †Rjv †_‡K A‡bK gymwj bvgvR Av`vq Ki‡Z Av‡mb| cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j G gv‡V `yi `yivš— †_‡K †jvK Avmvi Rb¨ we‡kl †Uª‡bi e¨e¯'v ivLv n‡Zv|
G‡Zv wekvj C`Mvn gvV, G‡Zv hvi bvg I mybvg, BwZnvm cÖwm× GB C`Mv‡ni Rb¨ wK‡kviMÄ AvR mviv‡`‡k cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q, A‡b‡Ki Awf‡hvM GB C`Mv‡ni Dbœqb I ms¯‹v‡ii cÖwZ †KD ZZUv hZœevb bb| G gv‡Vi †gnivewU LyeB mvaviY| gv‡Vi GKwU gvÎ †ZviY †`Lvi g‡Zv wKQy bq| gymwj†`i ARyi e¨e¯'v Achv©ß| A_P gv‡Vi cwðg `w¶b cv‡k¦© cyKziwUi Pvicvk cvKvNvU K‡i w`‡j gymwjiv Abvqv‡mB ARy K‡i‡Z cv‡ib| gv‡Vi c~e© cÖv‡š— Aew¯'Z cyKziwU‡Z ARyi e¨e¯'v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZ eQi †hfv‡e gv‡V gymwji AvMgb NU‡Q Zvi d‡j gv‡Vi cwiwa Av‡iv evov‡bv Ri"ix n‡q c‡o‡Q e‡j ¯'vbxq Awaevmxiv g‡b Ki‡Qb| weMZ miKv‡ii Avg‡j GB C`Mvn gq`v‡b †ekwKQy Dbœqb KvR m¤•bœ nq| gv‡V gvB‡µv‡dvb mvwf©m AvaywbKvqb I ARyLvbvi e¨e¯'v Kiv nq| Z‡e Zv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AcÖZzj| G wel‡q C`Mvn cwiPvjbv KwgwUi m¤•v`K
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